lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;A dynamic analysis of a landing flarelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Putting your mass to worklt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;(This article appeared in Hang Gliding Magazine - August 1990)lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10ptquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;1990 Richard Cobblt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Ever since I made some discoveries aboutlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;obtaining a good landing flare that I shared inlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;a letter to the editor (August 1989) I havelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;been intrigued by the subject. In the letter Ilt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;suggested using a mental image of trying quot;tolt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;kick the keelquot; rather than the more standardlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;instruction of quot;pushing outquot; to achieve a flare.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;At the time I explained it as more effectivelylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;shifting the body center of mass to the rear oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the glider. While shifting your weight to thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;rear of the glider will achieve a stall, it will notlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;necessarily achieve a flare. One verylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;important factor is the rate at which yourlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;weight is shifted. We will shortly find out thatlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;how lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;you shift your weight is also verylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;important.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;The key to understanding the flare process islt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;a knowledge of rigid body dynamics.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Dynamics is the study of forces acting onlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;masses, and the resulting accelerations,lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;momentum and energy. We will very briefly discuss some basic principles that can be applied to the landinglt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;flare, and then use them to gain an understanding of how best to use our own mass. But first we will look atlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;some example landings.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;TUBES AND ACElt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;In the tradition of Erik Fair#039;s #039;Right Stuff#039; we will watch two pilots land. The first pilot is #039;Tubes#039;. You canlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;guess where he got his name (it#039;s not one he prefers - he got it from the other pilots). His landings are so badlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;that he recently put wing nuts on his down tubes for easy (and frequent) replacement. (I once knew a real lifelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Tubes. The height of his humiliation must have been the day when some fellow pilots were waiting for him inlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the field. As he turned on final they ran out in front of him spraying shaving cream and yelling quot;Foam thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Runway!quot;) His right stuff counterpart is #039;Ace#039;, who does just that nearly every landing. As you may guess,lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;#039;Ace#039; likes his name. We all know landing requires several distinctly different skills, such as setting up thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;approach, knowing when to flare, and knowing lt;igt;how lt;/igt;to flare. Much has been written about approaches. I thinklt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Greg DeWolf has already done the definitive piece on lt;igt;flare timing lt;/igt;(#039;Returning to Earth#039;, July and Augustlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;1986). Since in this article we#039;re only concerned with the flare itself we#039;ll assume that both Tubes and Acelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;have their approaches and timing down equally well.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;We start by watching Tubes who is on final and upright. As the ground approaches we can see the fear helt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;has of the impending crash. In an attempt to limit the damage he already has his legs in front of him. Hislt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;hands are directly in front of him on the down tubes at shoulder height. At the critical moment he pusheslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;forward on the tubes. The glider nose rises slightly, and then it seems the whole glider is getting in front oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;him. The nose starts to drop and ... well, we know what#039;ll happen. We#039;ll spare Tubes the humiliation oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;watching the conclusion.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Instead we turn to Ace who is coming in right behind him. Ace is upright, but leaning slightly forward with hislt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;legs trailing behind him. His hands are at or slightly above shoulder height. When his turn comes to flare, helt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;pushes straight lt;igt;up lt;/igt;on the bar, although he doesn#039;t really think of it that way. He is thinking of pushing thoselt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;legs, which are already trailing behind him, as far back towards the keel as possible. The glider nose popslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;crisply up and comes to an immediate stop, swinging Ace in front of it into an upright position. As Ace gentlylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;drops onto his feet for a no-step landing, Tubes is already taking off those wing nuts (again).lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: #039;Courier New#039;quot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;2lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;SOME BASIC PHYSICSlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Here#039;s where we get the review. Don#039;t go away. I thought about putting in some equations and numbers, butlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;then I realized they really weren#039;t needed. We don#039;t really care so much about how many pound-seconds oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;momentum we have - we just want to know how to land it. Most analyses begin with #039;free body diagrams#039;lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;(which have nothing to do with the sexual revolution) in which a body is isolated and (usually) justlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;represented by its center of mass (or center of gravity, the #039;cg#039;). Forces and moments acting on the body canlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;be represented by lt;igt;vectorslt;/igt;. We can also use vectors to represent velocity, acceleration, and momentum oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the body (Vectors are those arrows that you#039;ve probably seen many times - they show both direction andlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;magnitude of a quantity, with the magnitude being shown by length).lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;One of the most important principles for the discussion at hand is that of lt;igt;conservation of momentumlt;/igt;. Tolt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;illustrate by example, we will start with an explosive body (as in TNT - not as in sexy) moving through airlesslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;space in a straight line, with no rotation. Because there are no lt;igt;external lt;/igt;forces on it there is no accelerationlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;and therefore it moves at a constant velocity. Linear lt;igt;momentum lt;/igt;is merely the mass of an object multiplied bylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the velocity and is normally described at the center of mass. lt;igt;Angular momentum lt;/igt;is the #039;mass moment oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;inertia#039; (a rotational equivalent to mass) multiplied by the rotational rate. Because there is no rotation, angularlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;momentum of the body is zero. Now the body explodes, and chunks of it fly in every direction. lt;igt;Note thatlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/igt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;there was no external force involvedlt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;. If we were to find the combined center of mass of all of these chunks atlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;any given moment, we would find that lt;igt;its location would be the same as if the projectile had never exploded.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/igt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;There would be no change in the total momentum, either linear or angular. lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;If we looked at individual pieces,lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;they might be spinning like crazy and flying away from the center in different directions at different velocities,lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;but if we vectorially added up all the individual linear and angular momentum vectors, the resultant linearlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;momentum vector would be the same as before the explosion and the resultant angular momentum vectorlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;would still be zero. This is what we mean by conservation of momentum. (Don#039;t confuse momentum withlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;energy - while momentum remained unchanged during the explosion, kinetic energy definitely increased).lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Many dynamic analyses could become very complicated if you tried to consider every little thing thatlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;happens. But we can often gain a useful understanding by simplifying certain aspects and eliminating otherslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;that have no bearing on what we are interested in. Of course there is the danger of simplifying so much as tolt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;make the solution meaningless. There#039;s the one about the senior engineering design project where thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;assignment was to design an automatic sheep shearing machine. The students were all divided intolt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;competing teams who naturally kept their ideas to themselves. Only one of the teams seemed to have anylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;ideas on how to do it and they seemed to be making good progress. None of the other teams were havinglt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;much luck, so of course they were very curious. When the day of the eagerly awaited unveiling came, thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;team started by listing their design assumptions. The first assumption was: a spherical sheep.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Being careful not to make the same mistake, we nevertheless start by limiting our analysis to a very narrowlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;and specific scope: finding lt;igt;how we can best use the mass of our bodies to react against the mass of thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/igt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;glider so as to most effectively cause a sudden nose up glider rotationlt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;. Because we are only looking at howlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the glider and pilot masses interact we don#039;t need to consider weight and aerodynamic forces (they playlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;important parts in achieving the flare,lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;but not in how we use our mass tolt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;get the nose up). So we#039;ll have ourlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;pilot and glider in outer space,lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;moving along at a constant velocitylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;and constant linear momentum. Oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;course the pilot is on oxygen and atlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;a high enough altitude so as to belt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;out of FAA jurisdiction. Some otherlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;assumptions we will make are: thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;glider cg is on the keel at the hanglt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;point; the pilot#039;s cg is at the hips; thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;main support strap of the harnesslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;pivots at the pilot#039;s cg; the mainlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;support strap is a rigid link (as longlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;as it is in tension this is a goodlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: #039;Courier New#039;quot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;3lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;assumption); both the pilot and the glider are (dynamically) rigid bodies; and the plane of the downtubeslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;passes through both the glider cg and the hang point.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;These assumptions are used in the sketches of both pilots and their corresponding #039;models#039;. The modelslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;show only the centers of mass (same as the center of gravity, or cg) of the pilot and glider, the #039;line of action#039;lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;of the flare force, and the combined mass center of pilot and glider. Our sketches show the instant justlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;before the landing flare is begun. The total angular momentum of the pilot-glider system consists of the sumlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;of three individual terms: rotation of the pilot about his cg, rotation of the glider about its cg, and rotation of thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;pilot-glider system about the combined cg. The combined cg will continue to travel at constant velocity alllt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;through the flare motion (Remember that since we are in outer space there are no external forces such aslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;weight, lift, drag, etc.) For this analysis we may consider the system cg to be a fixed point (zero is as good alt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;constant velocity as any other). Before the flare has begun neither the pilot, the glider, nor the combinationlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;have any angular velocity; therefore total angular momentum is zero. During the flare the lt;igt;total angularlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/igt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;momentum remains zerolt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;. The individual terms may be non-zero, but will have positive or negative signs andlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;sum to zero at any given instant. (Remember the exploding body - during the explosion or flare we increaselt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the lt;igt;energy lt;/igt;of the system, but the momentum is not changed without external forces being applied).lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;TUBES GETS A PHYSICS LESSONlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Let#039;s begin with Tubes. We see that he applies the flare force straight forward. The force that he applieslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;does not have its direction through his mass center. Looking first at the glider, we see that the force appliedlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;below the glider cg has the effect of causing a counter-clockwise rotation of the glider. This exact same forcelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;acts in the opposite direction on Tubes. Since it acts above his cg it causes him to also rotate counterlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;clockwise about his cg. Uh oh! Two of our three angular momentum terms are counter clockwise, meaninglt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the third term has to be clockwise to add to zero. And this third term is: rotation of the glider and pilot cgslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;clockwise about the system cg, which rotates the glider out in front of the pilot. Of course if flying in air ratherlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;than space there are several things that will reduce this rotation: the increased aerodynamic drag of thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;raised nose would slow the glider in relation to the pilot. Also the lift on the glider and the weight of the pilotlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;opposing each other would tend to provide a restoring moment. Nevertheless, we see that Tubes is putting alt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lot of his energy into getting the glider in front of him.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Let#039;s look at some other features of Tube#039;s method that make it undesirable. The line of action of flare forcelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;is closer to the glider cg than that of Tube#039;s. Doing some crude calculations, I estimated that the masslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;moments of inertia of both pilot and glider about their respective cgs are not vastly different, so for sake oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;this illustration we#039;ll just say they are the same. Angular acceleration is caused by a torque, where thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;magnitude of the torque is the magnitude of a force times its perpendicular distance to the cg. That meanslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;that there is a higher torque on Tubes than the glider, and therefore lt;igt;Tubes will rotate faster than the gliderlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/igt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;doeslt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;. This brings us to another point: because he is leaning back Tubes already has his arms partiallylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;extended. He#039;s limited in the range of distance through which he can apply a flare force. Now #039;work#039; in thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;physics sense is a force multiplied over a distance that it is applied. Even if Tubes applies all the force he islt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;capable of, he is limited in the total amount of work he can do. He has only partial arm extension left and islt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;also rotating backwards while applying his force. Doing work on a system increases its energy - Tubes can#039;tlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;get a very #039;energetic#039; flare. We could also point out that, because both his arms and legs are in front of him,lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;his cg is not exactly at his hips (as shown in the figure) but slightly in front of them. This means he must belt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;pulling lt;igt;down lt;/igt;on the down tubes to remain upright. This does not help him achieve his flare either. Poorlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Tubes. We#039;ve picked on him enough. Let#039;s look at Ace#039;s flare now.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;ACING PHYSICSlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;We see from the model that the line of action of Ace#039;s flare force acts lt;igt;through lt;/igt;his cg and therefore doesn#039;tlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;directly cause any rotation about his cg. He is able to apply his entire mass to creating a force. Therefore forlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;a given rate of arm extension Ace will be applying a much larger force than Tubes is capable of (Note thatlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;instead of using a #039;bench press#039; motion as Tubes does Ace uses a pushing-straight-up-over-his-head motion).lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Because he starts with his hands at his shoulders instead of partially extended Ace has a much longer rangelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;of motion over which to apply the greater force he is capable of. Ace can easily put much more work (energy)lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;into his flare without trying nearly so hard as Tubes. For a good example of an Ace flare, see the cover of thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;December #039;89 magazine. Notice that the pilot#039;s arms are in direct line with his body, and even with the keellt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;vertical his arms are still not fully extended.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: #039;Courier New#039;quot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;4lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Note that by applying his forcelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;through his cg, Ace is causing hislt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;whole body to rotate clockwise aboutlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the hang point. While the pilot#039;s momentlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;of inertia about his cg may be aboutlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the same as that of the glider, lt;igt;hislt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/igt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;moment of inertia about some otherlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;point than his cg is much greaterlt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;. Iflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;we considered Ace and his harnesslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;as a rigid body pivoting about thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;hang point (which strictly they aren#039;t -lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;but we#039;re making a point here) we#039;dlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;find a moment of inertia lt;igt;nearly 10lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/igt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;times that of the gliderlt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;. That meanslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;that the glider is going to do most oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the rotating, which is a very desirablelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;thing.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Let#039;s look at conservation of angular momentum. The glider has counter-clockwise momentum. We can seelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;that in this case the pilot#039;s angular momentum is clockwise and thus subtracts instead of adds as in Tube#039;slt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;case. The third term will still consist of clockwise rotation of the system about the system cg as before, butlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;with a much smaller magnitude. In addition, the higher nose angle in a real life atmosphere will quicklylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;cancel that effect.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;HOW TO MAKE IT WORKlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Whether you understood all of the above or not, you should still be able to draw some conclusions that yoult;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;can apply to your own flares:lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;* Just prior to flaring your body should be leaning slightly forward, legs slightly trailinglt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;* Hands should be placed at or even slightly above your shoulderslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;* The flare force should be exerted directly up above your head, not straight out in front of you. As you startlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;your flare, your body should be straight. Think of a line drawn from your feet straight through your body andlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;out the top of your head. Your hands should be moving parallel to this line throughout the flare. (You couldlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;also think of lifting a barbell over your head versus doing a bench press.)lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;I still maintain that the easiest way to remember all of this is to merely keep the mental image of quot;kicking thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;keelquot;. If we think about trying to touch the tip of the keel with our feet we find that we are already leaninglt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;forward with our hands high up on the control bar. Our natural tendency is then to push straight up and swinglt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;our entire bodies rearward about the hang point.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;EMERGENCY PROCEDURESlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;There are two situations that can still occur: you flare too early or too late (or forget and revert to a Tubeslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;flare).lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Flaring too soon: you#039;ve achieved a vigorous flare, only it was too soon. The glider nose is pointed at the skylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;and your feet are a long ways off the ground. As I mentioned in the letter, imagine yourself being strapped tolt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the keel while still hanging in your harness and with the glider#039;s nose pointing straight up. Your cg will be nearlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the trailing edge of the wing. As long as your cg stays there it will be very hard for the glider to nose over.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Your goal then, if you find yourself emulating the space shuttle at take-off, is to push and keep your body aslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;far back against the keel as possible. THIS MEANS KEEP YOUR LEGS AS FAR BACK THERE AS YOUlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;CAN GET THEM! Providing you don#039;t wimp out you#039;ll drop straight down to land on your feet. But if you evenlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;think about letting your legs come forward Alcoa#039;s stock will jump another couple points.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Flaring too late or too wimpy: OK, so you forgot everything you just learned. You lt;igt;almost lt;/igt;had a good flare, butlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;your arms are stretched straight out and there#039;s nothing left that you can do as the nose starts to fall. Or islt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;there? If your legs aren#039;t as far back as you can get them you still have a chance. We discard our model oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;the pilot as a #039;rigid body#039; and create a new model that makes the pilot two pieces, hinged at the hip. Nowlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;rapidly throw your legs backward, pivoting at the hip. What you#039;ve done is cause a larger clockwise angularlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;momentum term (that of your legs). The reaction is to increase the counter clockwise (nose up) momentum of the glider. If you weren#039;t horriblylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;late or wimpy it might just belt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;enough.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Finally, let me say that this was farlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;from a #039;rigorous#039; analysis. Some oflt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;you with engineering or otherlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;similar technical backgrounds maylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;looklt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;at a few of the statements I#039;velt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;made with a raised eyebrow. Ilt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;admit to some over simplificationlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;at a point or two and leaving out alt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;pre-condition here and there. But Ilt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;believe the spirit of the #039;analysis#039;lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;doesn#039;t violate any fundamentallt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;principles, and is sufficient inlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;scope to help pilots improve theirlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;flares.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;About the Author: lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;Richardlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Cobb started hang gliding in 1981lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;and is currently an Advancedratedlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;pilot and anlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Instructor/Observer. In 1988 he completed a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech, and islt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;currently running Wind Drifter Hang Gliding School in State College, Pennsylvania. In addition to teachinglt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;igt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;hang gliding he works as a part-time engineer and consultant.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/igt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: boldquot;gt;POSTSCRIPT: lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;In the years since I wrote this I have talked to some pilots who thought the approach of tryinglt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;to lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial+3+1quot;gt;ldquo;lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;kick the keellt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial+3+1quot;gt;rdquo; lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;was unsafe in that you would not have your feet underneath you at a critical time. I realize Ilt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;should have been clearer in the original article. lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial+3+1quot;gt;ldquo;lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;Kicking the keellt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial+3+1quot;gt;rdquo; lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;is a mental image to help you achieve thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;correct flare position and motion. The rotational inertia of the glider is very small compared to moving thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;entire mass of the pilot in an arc about the hang point - it is the glider that will do most of the moving, not thelt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;pilot.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;Prior to writing this article I had spent some time on the training hill trying to perfect this technique. The firstlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;glider I tried it on was the old bowsprit Mosquito, a notoriously nose-heavy glider that I had been having a lotlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;of difficulty landing well. I had wheels on the glider for safety and decided to just try throwing my legs back aslt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;Ilt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial+3+1quot;gt;rsquo;lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;ve described here. The flare ended up being so vigorous that I made a two point landing - the keel and mylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;butt! My legs had been thrown out in front of me by the unexpected (and unaccustomed) braking force Ilt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;experienced from that flare.lt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;The only way you can throw your legs back to lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial+3+1quot;gt;ldquo;lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;kick the keellt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial+3+1quot;gt;rdquo; lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;is by having something to push forward on - thatlt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;something being the control bar. But the control bar isnlt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial+3+1quot;gt;rsquo;lt;/spangt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;t capable of resisting the force necessary to actuallylt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: nonequot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot;gt;lt;font face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;push your legs backwards - you just end up raising the nose sharply in exactly the way you wanted to alllt;o:pgt;lt;/o:pgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;p class=quot;MsoNormalquot; style=quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 10ptquot;gt;lt;span lang=quot;EN-USquot; style=quot;mso-bidi-font-family: Arialquot;gt;lt;font size=quot;3quot; face=quot;Calibriquot;gt;along. You just have to lt;igt;believelt;/igt;...lt;/fontgt;lt;/spangt;lt;/pgt;lt;pgt;lt;/pgt;



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